An ancient, fascinating oddball fish capable of surviving droughts by aestivating in mud cocoons. It is an obligate air-breather with a powerful bite. Highly predatory and completely intolerant of tank mates, it should be kept strictly solitary. Requires a heavy, secure lid as they are notorious and powerful escape artists.
At a Glance
Tank Requirements
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Water Parameters
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Temperament & Compatibility
Available Varieties
Each variety inherits the species defaults above. Only differences are highlighted.
Standard (Adult)
The fully grown adult form. Requires a massive custom aquarium with formidable filtration and a weighted lid to prevent escapes. Will kill and consume any other living creature in the tank.
Differs in 1 trait from base species
Also known as: Adult, Full Size, Monster
Juvenile (Grow-out)
Sold as small juveniles, these grow extremely fast and will rapidly outgrow standard aquariums. They must be transitioned to their massive adult enclosure as they reach 30-40cm.
Differs in 5 traits from base species
Also known as: Baby, Juvenile
African Lungfish Care Guide Summary
The African Lungfish, scientifically known as Protopterus annectens, belongs to the Oddballs family group. Adults reach a maximum size of approximately 100 cm and have a eel body shape with a moderate growth rate. Classified as highly aggressive, this species primarily occupies the bottom, mid-level, and surface zones of the aquarium and produces a extreme level of biological waste.
To thrive, the African Lungfish requires a freshwater only aquarium with a minimum volume of 680 litres and a tank length of at least 180 cm. Water temperature should be maintained between 24°C and 30°C, with a pH range of 6–8 and a general hardness of 5–20 dGH. A low water flow is preferred. An aquarium test kit can help you monitor these values.
Due to its specialist needs, the African Lungfish is best suited for fishkeepers who can provide a carefully planned setup. This species is available in 2 varieties: Standard (Adult) and Juvenile (Grow-out). Each may differ slightly in size, temperament, or care needs, so it is worth checking the specific requirements of the variety you plan to keep.
African Lungfish Habitat Setup
When setting up an aquarium for the African Lungfish, a low water flow best suits their natural preferences. Because this species occupies the bottom, mid-level, and surface zones, the aquarium layout should prioritise adequate surface area with floating cover to make them feel secure near the waterline, open swimming space in the centre of the tank for free movement, and sufficient floor space with hiding spots among rocks, wood, or dense planting. Useful additions include a sand substrate to accommodate their sifting behaviour, smooth gravel or rounded substrate to protect their sensitive barbels, and driftwood, which can serve as both a hiding place and a dietary supplement. Keepers should note that a tight-fitting lid is essential, as this species is a known jumper, expect substrate disturbance, so lightweight décor should be secured, and live planted layouts may be difficult to maintain, as this species tends to uproot or consume vegetation. Browse aquarium sand substrate options to find the best fit.
African Lungfish Compatibility Notes
Classified as highly aggressive, the African Lungfish is best housed alone, as they do not tolerate others of their kind in confined spaces. When choosing tankmates, any fish small enough to fit in its mouth will likely be eaten, conspecific aggression can be intense, especially in smaller tanks, and territorial behaviour may cause issues if hiding spots or floor space are limited. Selecting tankmates that favour different water layers from the bottom, mid-level, and surface zones can help reduce competition and territorial overlap.
Frequently Asked Questions About African Lungfish
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