African Lungfish

The African Lungfish, scientifically known as Protopterus annectens, belongs to the Oddballs family group. Adults reach a maximum size of approximately 100 cm and have a eel body shape with a moderate growth rate. Classified as highly aggressive, this species primarily occupies the bottom, mid-level, and surface zones of the aquarium and produces a extreme level of biological waste.

To thrive, the African Lungfish requires a freshwater only aquarium with a minimum volume of 680 litres and a tank length of at least 180 cm. Water temperature should be maintained between 24°C and 30°C, with a pH range of 6–8 and a general hardness of 5–20 dGH. A low water flow is preferred.

Due to its specialist needs, the African Lungfish is best suited for fishkeepers who can provide a carefully planned setup. This species is available in 2 varieties: Standard (Adult) and Juvenile (Grow-out). Each may differ slightly in size, temperament, or care needs, so it is worth checking the specific requirements of the variety you plan to keep.

When setting up an aquarium for the African Lungfish, a low water flow best suits their natural preferences. Because this species occupies the bottom, mid-level, and surface zones, the aquarium layout should prioritise adequate surface area with floating cover to make them feel secure near the waterline, open swimming space in the centre of the tank for free movement, and sufficient floor space with hiding spots among rocks, wood, or dense planting. Useful additions include a sand substrate to accommodate their sifting behaviour, smooth gravel or rounded substrate to protect their sensitive barbels, and driftwood, which can serve as both a hiding place and a dietary supplement. Keepers should note that a tight-fitting lid is essential, as this species is a known jumper, expect substrate disturbance, so lightweight décor should be secured, and live planted layouts may be difficult to maintain, as this species tends to uproot or consume vegetation.

Classified as highly aggressive, the African Lungfish is best housed alone, as they do not tolerate others of their kind in confined spaces. When choosing tankmates, any fish small enough to fit in its mouth will likely be eaten, conspecific aggression can be intense, especially in smaller tanks, and territorial behaviour may cause issues if hiding spots or floor space are limited. Selecting tankmates that favour different water layers from the bottom, mid-level, and surface zones can help reduce competition and territorial overlap.

African Lungfish is best for a fishkeeper who expects a species with attitude and plans the tank around that behavior and can provide someone who understands its individual space requirements. It makes the most sense for a hobbyist who will actually build around its needs, especially sand.

The most common mistake is treating African Lungfish like any other community fish and skipping the soft sand it needs to forage safely. Another frequent problem is forcing it into an over-busy community when it would do better with more room or more deliberate tankmate choices.