A fascinating, prehistoric-looking surface dweller native to the slow-moving waters of West Africa. They are strictly top-dwelling ambush predators with a completely flat back and upturned mouth designed to hunt insects and small fish. A tight-fitting lid is absolutely mandatory as they are exceptional jumpers capable of gliding above the water.
At a Glance
Tank Requirements
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Water Parameters
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Temperament & Compatibility
Available Varieties
Each variety inherits the species defaults above. Only differences are highlighted.
Standard
The standard wild-type African Butterfly Fish. Best kept singly unless the tank has a massive surface footprint, as they are highly territorial toward other top-dwelling fish.
Differs in 1 trait from base species
Also known as: Wild Type
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🟢Ideal Tank MatesAfrican Butterfly Fish Care Guide Summary
The African Butterfly Fish, scientifically known as Pantodon buchholzi, belongs to the Oddballs family group. Adults reach a maximum size of approximately 12 cm and have a depressed body shape with a moderate growth rate. Classified as semi-aggressive, this species primarily occupies the surface zone of the aquarium and produces a medium level of biological waste.
To thrive, the African Butterfly Fish requires a freshwater only aquarium with a minimum volume of 80 litres and a tank length of at least 80 cm. Water temperature should be maintained between 24°C and 30°C, with a pH range of 6–7.5 and a general hardness of 1–10 dGH. A low water flow is preferred. An aquarium test kit can help you monitor these values.
Due to its specialist needs, the African Butterfly Fish is best suited for fishkeepers who can provide a carefully planned setup. The African Butterfly Fish is typically available in one standard form.
African Butterfly Fish Habitat Setup
When setting up an aquarium for the African Butterfly Fish, a low water flow best suits their natural preferences. Because this species occupies the surface zone, the aquarium layout should prioritise adequate surface area with floating cover to make them feel secure near the waterline. Useful additions include floating plants to diffuse overhead light and create shaded areas. Keepers should note that a tight-fitting lid is essential, as this species is a known jumper.
African Butterfly Fish Compatibility Notes
Classified as semi-aggressive, the African Butterfly Fish is adaptable and can be kept singly or in a small group, offering flexibility when planning a community tank. When choosing tankmates, any fish small enough to fit in its mouth will likely be eaten and territorial behaviour may cause issues if hiding spots or floor space are limited. Selecting tankmates that favour different water layers from the surface zone can help reduce competition and territorial overlap.
Recommended Tank Sizes
Standard aquarium sizes that meet the minimum volume and length requirements for African Butterfly Fish.
30 Gallon Breeder
40 Gallon Breeder
55 Gallon Standard
60 Gallon Breeder
75 Gallon Standard
90 Gallon Standard
Show 12 more tank sizes
African Butterfly Fish Feeding & Diet Considerations
The African Butterfly Fish is a predatory species that will readily consume small fish, so nano or bite-sized tankmates should be avoided and is primarily active at dusk and dawn, so offering food shortly after lights-off ensures it receives adequate nutrition. Find quality African Butterfly Fish fish food for this species.
Frequently Asked Questions About African Butterfly Fish
How big does African Butterfly Fish get?
African Butterfly Fish (Pantodon buchholzi) typically reaches a maximum adult size of approximately 12 cm. They have a depressed body shape and a moderate growth rate.
What tank size does African Butterfly Fish need?
A minimum aquarium volume of 80 litres and a tank length of at least 80 cm are recommended for African Butterfly Fish. This ensures enough swimming space and helps maintain stable water conditions.
What water parameters does African Butterfly Fish need?
African Butterfly Fish thrives in freshwater only conditions with a temperature range of 24–30°C, a pH between 6 and 7.5, and a general hardness of 1–10 dGH. A low water flow is preferred.
Is African Butterfly Fish peaceful or aggressive?
African Butterfly Fish is classified as semi-aggressive with an aggression score of 5 out of 10. They can work in community setups but may clash with certain tankmates.
Can African Butterfly Fish live alone?
Yes, African Butterfly Fish can be kept singly or in a group. They are flexible and adapt well to both setups.
Does African Butterfly Fish have any special tank requirements?
Yes. African Butterfly Fish benefits from plants - floating in the aquarium. These features help replicate their natural habitat and promote overall health and well-being.
Does African Butterfly Fish need a lid on the tank?
Yes. African Butterfly Fish is a known jumper, and a tight-fitting lid or cover is essential to prevent escape. Even a small gap can be enough for a determined fish to leap out.
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