Widely considered the most beautiful and peaceful of the large Gouramis. They feature a 'mosaic' of iridescent spots and a distinct black line running through the eye. Unlike their aggressive cousins (the Three-Spot Gourami), Pearls are generally gentle giants, though males can be territorial towards one another. They are thermophilic (love heat) and require floating plants to feel secure.
At a Glance
Tank Requirements
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Water Parameters
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Temperament & Compatibility
Available Varieties
Each variety inherits the species defaults above. Only differences are highlighted.
Standard / Unsexed
Typical commercial availability. Usually sold as juveniles where sex is difficult to distinguish. Peaceful community fish, but avoid keeping with fin-nippers (like Tiger Barbs) that target their long feelers.
Differs in 1 trait from base species
Also known as: Juvenile
Male
Distinguished by an extended dorsal fin which reaches the tail, and a brilliant orange/red throat/belly. Males are territorial toward other male gouramis. Strictly one male per tank is recommended unless the tank is 4ft+ (120cm+).
Differs in 3 traits from base species
Also known as: Show Male
Female
Smaller, plumper belly, and shorter rounded dorsal fin. Significantly less colorful (silver throat) but very peaceful. Multiple females can be kept together or paired with a single male.
Differs in 2 traits from base species
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🟢Ideal Tank MatesPearl Gourami Care Guide Summary
The Pearl Gourami, scientifically known as Trichopodus leerii, belongs to the Anabantoids family group. Adults reach a maximum size of approximately 12 cm and have a compressed body shape with a moderate growth rate. Classified as mostly peaceful, this species primarily occupies the surface and mid-level zones of the aquarium and produces a low level of biological waste.
To thrive, the Pearl Gourami requires a freshwater only aquarium with a minimum volume of 110 litres and a tank length of at least 90 cm. Water temperature should be maintained between 24°C and 30°C, with a pH range of 5.5–7.5 and a general hardness of 2–15 dGH. A low water flow is preferred. An aquarium test kit can help you monitor these values.
Due to its specialist needs, the Pearl Gourami is best suited for fishkeepers who can provide a carefully planned setup. This species is available in 3 varieties: Standard / Unsexed, Male, and Female. Each may differ slightly in size, temperament, or care needs, so it is worth checking the specific requirements of the variety you plan to keep.
Pearl Gourami Habitat Setup
When setting up an aquarium for the Pearl Gourami, a low water flow best suits their natural preferences. Because this species occupies the surface and mid-level zones, the aquarium layout should prioritise adequate surface area with floating cover to make them feel secure near the waterline and open swimming space in the centre of the tank for free movement. Useful additions include light plant coverage for partial shade, dense planting to provide cover, break sightlines, and reduce stress, and floating plants to diffuse overhead light and create shaded areas. Keepers should note that a tight-fitting lid is essential, as this species is a known jumper.
Pearl Gourami Compatibility Notes
Classified as mostly peaceful, the Pearl Gourami is adaptable and can be kept singly or in a small group, offering flexibility when planning a community tank. Selecting tankmates that favour different water layers from the surface and mid-level zones can help reduce competition and territorial overlap.
Recommended Tank Sizes
Standard aquarium sizes that meet the minimum volume and length requirements for Pearl Gourami.
30 Gallon Breeder
40 Gallon Breeder
55 Gallon Standard
60 Gallon Breeder
75 Gallon Standard
90 Gallon Standard
Show 10 more tank sizes
Frequently Asked Questions About Pearl Gourami
How big does Pearl Gourami get?
Pearl Gourami (Trichopodus leerii) typically reaches a maximum adult size of approximately 12 cm. They have a compressed body shape and a moderate growth rate.
What tank size does Pearl Gourami need?
A minimum aquarium volume of 110 litres and a tank length of at least 90 cm are recommended for Pearl Gourami. This ensures enough swimming space and helps maintain stable water conditions.
What water parameters does Pearl Gourami need?
Pearl Gourami thrives in freshwater only conditions with a temperature range of 24–30°C, a pH between 5.5 and 7.5, and a general hardness of 2–15 dGH. A low water flow is preferred.
Is Pearl Gourami peaceful or aggressive?
Pearl Gourami is classified as mostly peaceful with an aggression score of 3 out of 10. They are generally well-suited to peaceful community tanks.
Can Pearl Gourami live alone?
Yes, Pearl Gourami can be kept singly or in a group. They are flexible and adapt well to both setups.
Does Pearl Gourami have any special tank requirements?
Yes. Pearl Gourami benefits from plants - densely covered, plants - floating, and plants - lighly covered in the aquarium. These features help replicate their natural habitat and promote overall health and well-being.
Does Pearl Gourami need a lid on the tank?
Yes. Pearl Gourami is a known jumper, and a tight-fitting lid or cover is essential to prevent escape. Even a small gap can be enough for a determined fish to leap out.
Similar Species
Dwarf Gourami
Trichogaster lalius
A peaceful to semi-aggressive labyrinth fish native to South Asia. Famous for their brilliant metallic blue and red stripes. While generally suitable for community tanks, males are territorial toward each other and similar-looking fish. They are sensitive to water quality and prone to Iridovirus if stressed. Requires access to the surface to breathe.
Honey Gourami
Trichogaster chuna
The smallest and most peaceful member of the Trichogaster genus. Ideally suited for planted nano aquariums. Unlike the aggressive Dwarf Gourami (*T. lalius*), Honey Gouramis are timid and gentle. True Honey Gouramis rarely exceed 5cm. Note: Many bright red fish sold as 'Red Honey' or 'Red Robin' are actually Thick-lipped Gouramis (*T. labiosa*), which grow larger.
Three Spot Gourami (Blue/Gold/Opaline)
Trichopodus trichopterus
A robust, semi-aggressive labyrinth fish available in many color morphs (Blue, Gold, Opaline). Biologically, they are all the same species. Unlike the peaceful Pearl Gourami, Three Spots are boisterous and can be bullies. They are excellent for 'semi-aggressive' community tanks (e.g., with Tiger Barbs, large Tetras) but may harass shy or long-finned fish.
Giant Gourami
Osphronemus goramy
The Giant Gourami is a massive, highly intelligent anabantoid that behaves more like a wet pet than a typical community fish. They grow extremely large and have voracious appetites, often completely consuming any live plants in their tank. Due to their immense adult size and extreme bioload, they require massive aquariums and robust filtration.
Sparkling Gourami
Trichopsis pumila
A stunning nano species known for its iridescent blue/green eyes, body spots, and ability to make audible 'croaking' sounds. Unlike many anabantoids, they are social and best kept in groups. However, they are efficient micropredators that will hunt shrimp fry and pests like hydra. Requires stable water parameters and dense planting.
African Jewel Cichlid
Hemichromis bimaculatus
A strikingly beautiful but notoriously aggressive West African riverine cichlid. Unlike the alkaline-loving Rift Lake cichlids (e.g., Mbuna), Jewel Cichlids prefer neutral, softer water parameters. They are renowned for their brilliant red breeding dress and iridescent blue spots, but also for their extreme territoriality, especially when forming pairs and spawning. They are avid diggers and will uproot most plants.