One of the most iconic and widely kept aquarium fish. Renowned for their incredible colors, hardiness, and prolific breeding. As livebearers, they give birth to fully formed, free-swimming fry. Males constantly pursue females for mating; therefore, a ratio of at least 2 females per male is strongly recommended to disperse stress.
At a Glance
Tank Requirements
Water Parameters
Temperament & Compatibility
Available Varieties
Each variety inherits the species defaults above. Only differences are highlighted.
Male (Fancy)
Males are significantly smaller but boast spectacular colors and large, flowing fins. They are extremely active and will relentlessly court females. Can be kept in a 'bachelor' (male-only) tank to prevent breeding.
Differs in 2 traits from base species
Also known as: Male Guppy, Cobra, Delta Tail, Mosaic
Female
Females are larger, thicker, and generally less colorful than males (though modern strains have colorful tails). They possess a distinct dark 'gravid spot' near the anal fin and can store sperm for months, dropping fry every 21-30 days.
Differs in 1 trait from base species
Also known as: Female Guppy, Breeder
Guppy Care Summary
The Guppy, scientifically known as Poecilia reticulata, belongs to the Livebearers family group. Adults reach a maximum size of approximately 5 cm and have a fusiform body shape with a fast growth rate. Classified as peaceful, this species primarily occupies the surface and mid-level zones of the aquarium and produces a high level of biological waste.
To thrive, the Guppy requires a brackish tolerant aquarium with a minimum volume of 38 litres and a tank length of at least 45 cm. Water temperature should be maintained between 22°C and 28°C, with a pH range of 7–8.5 and a general hardness of 8–30 dGH. A low water flow is preferred. To replicate their natural habitat, the tank should include plants - densely covered and plants - floating.
This species should be kept in groups of at least 3 to reduce stress and encourage natural behaviour. This species is available in 2 varieties: Male (Fancy) and Female. Each may differ slightly in size, temperament, or care needs, so it is worth checking the specific requirements of the variety you plan to keep.
Similar Species
Endler's Livebearer
Poecilia wingei
A tiny, vibrant, and highly active livebearer closely related to the Guppy. Males display intense, neon colors and patterns, while females are larger and plainly colored. They are prolific breeders and require hard, alkaline water to thrive.
Goldfish (Comet / Common)
Carassius auratus
One of the most commonly kept and misunderstood fish in the hobby. Single-tailed goldfish (Comets, Commons, Shubunkins) are fast-growing, highly active coldwater fish that produce enormous amounts of waste. They are best suited for ponds or massive aquariums. They will uproot plants, sift substrate constantly, and eat anything that fits in their mouths.
Platy
Xiphophorus maculatus
A quintessential community fish known for its durability and massive variety of colors. Native to Central America, Platies are livebearers, meaning they give birth to free-swimming fry. They are peaceful, active grazers that require hard, alkaline water to thrive. They are excellent for beginners but breed prolifically.
Paradise Fish
Macropodus opercularis
One of the first ornamental fish in the hobby (pre-dating the Goldfish in Europe). Paradise Fish are stunning, hardy, subtropical Anabantoids. However, they are notoriously aggressive, often exceeding the aggression of Bettas. They are cold-tolerant and thrive in unheated indoor aquariums, but they will readily attack smaller tank mates, eat fry, and fight conspecifics to the death.
Zebra Danio
Danio rerio
One of the most robust and active aquarium fish available. Native to South Asia, they are a model organism in science due to their genetics. They are extremely active top-level swimmers that must be kept in schools to prevent stress and fin-nipping. They prefer cooler, oxygen-rich water with a current.
Peacock Gudgeon
Tateurndina ocellicauda
A stunning, peaceful freshwater sleeper goby from Papua New Guinea. Known for their vibrant blue, red, and yellow colors, they are excellent nano-tank inhabitants. They are not true gobies (they lack fused pelvic fins) and are exclusively freshwater. They prefer slow-moving water, dense vegetation, and small caves (like PVC pipes or smooth stones) for spawning.