Clown Pleco (L104)

Panaqolus maccus

Catfish

A popular, distinctly striped dwarf pleco native to Venezuela. It is a strictly wood-eating species (xylivore); real driftwood is mandatory for its survival and digestion. Because of this diet, it produces massive amounts of sawdust-like waste, requiring excellent mechanical filtration despite its small size. They are shy and predominantly nocturnal.

At a Glance

Adult Size9 cm
Body ShapeDepressed
Growth RateSlow
TemperamentMostly Peaceful
Water TypeFreshwater Only
Flow PreferenceModerate
Waste OutputExtreme
StockingSolo or group

Tank Requirements

Minimum Volume75 L
Minimum Length60 cm
FlowModerate
Water TypeFreshwater Only
Must-Haves in the Tank
Driftwood (Digestion/Hiding)

Water Parameters

Temperature2328°C
pH67.8
Hardness415 dGH

Temperament & Compatibility

Aggression LevelMostly Peaceful
3/10
Where They Swim
Surface
Mid-level
Bottom
Stocking Guidelines
Keep at Least1 (solo is fine)
Max per TankNo limit
Can Live Alone?Yes
Behavior Traits
Shy / Slow Moving (Easily Stressed)NocturnalTerritorial (Defends specific area)

Available Varieties

Each variety inherits the species defaults above. Only differences are highlighted.

Standard

The standard adult form. Males may develop longer odontodes (bristle-like hairs) on their back half as they mature, but care requirements between sexes are identical. Must be provided with multiple driftwood caves to prevent territorial disputes with other bottom dwellers.

Same care requirements as the base species

Also known as: Wild Type

Clown Pleco (L104) Care Guide Summary

The Clown Pleco (L104), scientifically known as Panaqolus maccus, belongs to the Catfish family group. Adults reach a maximum size of approximately 9 cm and have a depressed body shape with a slow growth rate. Classified as mostly peaceful, this species primarily occupies the bottom zone of the aquarium and produces a extreme level of biological waste.

To thrive, the Clown Pleco (L104) requires a freshwater only aquarium with a minimum volume of 75 litres and a tank length of at least 60 cm. Water temperature should be maintained between 23°C and 28°C, with a pH range of 67.8 and a general hardness of 415 dGH. A moderate water flow is preferred.

The Clown Pleco (L104) is a rewarding species to keep, provided its core environmental needs are met. The Clown Pleco (L104) is typically available in one standard form.

Clown Pleco (L104) Habitat Setup

When setting up an aquarium for the Clown Pleco (L104), a moderate water flow best suits their natural preferences. Because this species occupies the bottom zone, the aquarium layout should prioritise sufficient floor space with hiding spots among rocks, wood, or dense planting. Useful additions include driftwood, which can serve as both a hiding place and a dietary supplement.

Clown Pleco (L104) Compatibility Notes

Classified as mostly peaceful, the Clown Pleco (L104) is adaptable and can be kept singly or in a small group, offering flexibility when planning a community tank. When choosing tankmates, territorial behaviour may cause issues if hiding spots or floor space are limited and boisterous or fast-moving tankmates may cause this species undue stress. Selecting tankmates that favour different water layers from the bottom zone can help reduce competition and territorial overlap.

Frequently Asked Questions About Clown Pleco (L104)

How big does Clown Pleco (L104) get?+
Clown Pleco (L104) (Panaqolus maccus) typically reaches a maximum adult size of approximately 9 cm. They have a depressed body shape and a slow growth rate.
What tank size does Clown Pleco (L104) need?+
A minimum aquarium volume of 75 litres and a tank length of at least 60 cm are recommended for Clown Pleco (L104). This ensures enough swimming space and helps maintain stable water conditions.
What water parameters does Clown Pleco (L104) need?+
Clown Pleco (L104) thrives in freshwater only conditions with a temperature range of 23–28°C, a pH between 6 and 7.8, and a general hardness of 4–15 dGH. A moderate water flow is preferred.
Is Clown Pleco (L104) peaceful or aggressive?+
Clown Pleco (L104) is classified as mostly peaceful with an aggression score of 3 out of 10. They are generally well-suited to peaceful community tanks.
Can Clown Pleco (L104) live alone?+
Yes, Clown Pleco (L104) can be kept singly or in a group. They are flexible and adapt well to both setups.
Does Clown Pleco (L104) have any special tank requirements?+
Yes. Clown Pleco (L104) benefits from driftwood (digestion/hiding) in the aquarium. These features help replicate their natural habitat and promote overall health and well-being.

Similar Species

Zebra Pleco (L046)

Hypancistrus zebra

Catfish
8.5 cm Mostly Peaceful

A highly sought-after, strikingly beautiful black-and-white striped pleco endemic to the fast-flowing Xingu River in Brazil. Unlike common plecostomus, it is primarily carnivorous (a micropredator) and will not clean algae. They are notoriously shy, slow-growing, and require highly oxygenated, warm water with vigorous flow to thrive.

Bristlenose Pleco

Ancistrus cirrhosus

Catfish
13 cm Peaceful

A highly popular, hardy, and relatively small suckermouth catfish. Excellent algae eaters that stay much smaller than Common Plecos, making them suitable for standard aquariums. They require dietary wood (driftwood) to aid in digestion and plenty of hiding caves.

Common Pleco

Hypostomus plecostomus

Catfish
45 cm Mostly Peaceful

A heavily armored, nocturnal catfish famous for eating algae. However, they grow incredibly large, produce massive amounts of waste, and frequently outgrow standard aquariums. They require driftwood in their diet for digestion. As they age, they may become territorial or develop a taste for the slime coat of slow-moving, flat-bodied tank mates.

Clown Knifefish

Chitala ornata

Oddballs
90 cm Aggressive

A massive, nocturnal predator native to Southeast Asia, widely known for the distinct row of ocellated spots above its anal fin. While sold as small silvery cute juveniles, they grow incredibly fast into nearly 1-meter giants that require immense aquariums. They are obligate carnivores and will eat any fish small enough to fit in their large mouths. They are shy during the day and require large hiding tubes or caves.

Cockatoo Dwarf Cichlid

Apistogramma cacatuoides

Cichlids - South American
7.5 cm Semi-Aggressive

A highly popular and vibrant dwarf cichlid native to the Amazon basin. Named for the male's flamboyant, crest-like dorsal fin. They are cave-spawners that require a fine sand substrate (which they sift through their gills) and plenty of hiding spots. While generally peaceful in community tanks, they become fiercely territorial when breeding.

Giant Danio

Devario aequipinnatus

Cyprinids
10 cm Mostly Peaceful

The Giant Danio is a robust, incredibly active schooling fish native to fast-flowing streams in South Asia. Known for their striking blue and gold horizontal stripes, they are constantly in motion and require long tanks with strong water flow. Due to their boisterous nature, they make excellent 'dither fish' for mild-mannered cichlids but should not be kept with slow, shy, or long-finned species as they will easily outcompete them for food.