Stem Plant

Egeria densa, commonly known as Anacharis or Brazilian Waterweed, is a very fast-growing and extremely popular stem plant. It is widely recommended for beginners due to its hardiness, vigorous nutrient absorption, and excellent water oxygenation capabilities. While usually planted in bunches in the substrate, it draws almost all of its nutrients from the water column. It thrives in cooler water, making it a staple for unheated tanks, though its delicate leaves make it highly palatable to goldfish, turtles, and other herbivorous species.

An attractive and relatively undemanding stem plant featuring small, round, bright green leaves with distinctive parallel venation. It grows straight up toward the light and branches out to form dense bushes when trimmed regularly, making it an excellent background or midground accent.

Mayaca fluviatilis is a delicate, fine-leaved stem plant native to the wetlands of the Americas. Despite its common name 'Bog Moss', it is a true vascular plant. It is prized for its bright green, needle-like foliage that creates beautifully textured, dense bushes in the aquascape. It requires good lighting and adequate iron to prevent its tips from turning pale.

Bonsai Rotala, often historically traded under the erroneous name Ammannia sp. 'Bonsai', is a relatively slow-growing, compact stem plant. It grows strictly upright with thick, fleshy stems and small, rounded leaves that can develop a reddish-orange hue under intense lighting. Its compact nature and slow growth rate make it an excellent choice for midground accents or even foreground placement in larger aquariums.

A striking, robust stem plant well known for its use in creating distinct 'streets' in Dutch-style aquascapes. While it grows tall and produces bright red flowers in its emersed form, the submerged form produces compact, light green foliage that grows relatively slowly compared to most other stem plants.

A classic, fast-growing stem plant known for its highly divided, feathery green leaves. While often sold to beginners, it requires relatively high light to prevent the lower portions from deteriorating and shedding needles. It forms dense, bushy thickets that provide excellent refuge for fry and shrimp.

A versatile stem plant with distinctive round, coin-like opposite leaves. While it forms a creeping carpet in its terrestrial form, it typically grows rigidly upward when submerged in an aquarium. It is particularly valued for its robust nature and ability to thrive in cooler water temperatures and unheated setups.

A classic, highly adaptable stem plant known for its oval leaves that develop attractive reddish hues under good lighting. It is one of the easiest red plants to grow in the aquarium, making it a popular choice for beginners looking to add contrast to their aquascape.

Ludwigia glandulosa is a striking, deep red to purple stem plant. Unlike many other Ludwigia species, its leaves grow alternately along the stem rather than in opposite pairs. It is a demanding plant that requires high light intensities, nutrient-rich conditions, and CO2 injection to maintain its vibrant coloration and prevent the shedding of lower leaves.

Penthorum sedoides, commonly known as Ditch Stonecrop, is a North American perennial that thrives both emersed in boggy conditions and submersed in the aquarium. Unlike many stem plants that become leggy, it is known for developing extremely dense, compact, and upright submersed stems featuring light-green, distinctively serrated leaves. It is relatively undemanding and adaptable, making it an excellent and unique bushy midground choice.

Pogostemon helferi, commonly known as Downoi or 'Little Star', is a unique stem plant that grows with a very compact, rosette-like appearance. Its crinkled, star-shaped leaves make it a highly sought-after foreground or midground accent in the aquascape. It requires stable conditions, adequate lighting, and CO2 injection to prevent melting and maintain its signature short, bushy form.

Alternanthera reineckii is a prominent red stem plant that provides a striking color contrast in the aquascape. While it can survive in moderate conditions with greener foliage, it requires high light, CO2 injection, and a strong nutrient supply to exhibit its deepest magenta and red colorations and to prevent lower leaf loss.