The most iconic South American Cichlid, known for its distinct arrowhead shape and majestic fins. While domestic strains are hardy, they remain cichlids: they are semi-aggressive predators that will eat any fish small enough to fit in their mouths (like Neon Tetras). They form loose shoals as juveniles but pair off and become territorial as they mature. Height is more important than length for this species.
At a Glance
Tank Requirements
Water Parameters
Temperament & Compatibility
Available Varieties
Each variety inherits the species defaults above. Only differences are highlighted.
Standard (Short Fin)
The standard domestic Angelfish. Includes all color morphs (Koi, Marble, Gold, Black) with standard fin length. Hardy and adaptable.
Differs in 1 trait from base species
Also known as: Silver, Zebra, Koi, Marble, Gold, Blushing, Smokey
Veiltail (Long Finned)
Bred for excessively long, flowing fins. These fish are slower swimmers and prone to fin damage from high flow or nippy tankmates (like Tiger Barbs).
Differs in 2 traits from base species
Also known as: Super Veil, Combtail
Juvenile (Grow-out)
Young Angelfish sold at small sizes (coin-sized). They can be kept in smaller tanks temporarily but grow vertically very fast. Must be upgraded to 150L+ within 6-9 months.
Differs in 7 traits from base species
Also known as: Dime Size, Quarter Size, Baby
Freshwater Angelfish Care Summary
The Freshwater Angelfish, scientifically known as Pterophyllum scalare, belongs to the Cichlids - South American family group. Adults reach a maximum size of approximately 15 cm and have a compressed body shape with a moderate growth rate. Classified as semi-aggressive, this species primarily occupies the mid-level and surface zones of the aquarium and produces a medium level of biological waste.
To thrive, the Freshwater Angelfish requires a freshwater only aquarium with a minimum volume of 150 litres and a tank length of at least 90 cm. Water temperature should be maintained between 24°C and 30°C, with a pH range of 6–7.8 and a general hardness of 3–15 dGH. A low water flow is preferred. To replicate their natural habitat, the tank should include plants - densely covered, driftwood (digestion/hiding), and plants - lighly covered.
Freshwater Angelfish can be kept singly or in a group, making them flexible additions to most setups. Keepers should be aware that this species may nip the fins of slow-moving or long-finned tankmates, will prey on fish small enough to fit in its mouth, is not safe with ornamental shrimp, can be aggressive toward its own kind, and will defend a territory within the tank. This species is available in 3 varieties: Standard (Short Fin), Veiltail (Long Finned), and Juvenile (Grow-out). Each may differ slightly in size, temperament, or care needs, so it is worth checking the specific requirements of the variety you plan to keep.
Similar Species
Oscar
Astronotus ocellatus
A highly intelligent, large, and personable South American cichlid often described as a 'water dog'. They are notoriously messy eaters, heavy waste producers, and will enthusiastically rearrange tank decor and uproot plants. Any fish small enough to fit in their mouth will be eaten. They require excellent filtration and strict water maintenance.
Pictus Catfish
Pimelodus pictus
An extremely active, striking silver catfish with black spots and incredibly long barbels, native to South America. While peaceful toward similarly sized tank mates, they are highly effective nocturnal predators that will easily swallow small fish (like Neon Tetras) whole. They are scaleless and possess sharp pectoral spines that can easily become entangled in aquarium nets.
Neon Tetra
Paracheirodon innesi
One of the most iconic freshwater fish in the hobby, famous for its striking iridescent blue and red stripes. Originally from the blackwater streams of the Amazon basin, they prefer slightly cooler water than many tropical fish and must be kept in schools to thrive, display natural behaviors, and feel secure.
Amano Shrimp
Caridina multidentata
A highly popular, industrious freshwater shrimp renowned for its unmatched algae-eating abilities. Popularized by aquascaper Takashi Amano, they are significantly larger and hardier than most dwarf shrimp (like Cherry Shrimp). They are notorious food-thieves during feeding time and excellent escape artists, requiring a tight-fitting lid. Their larvae require saltwater to develop, so they will not overpopulate in a freshwater aquarium.
African Jewel Cichlid
Hemichromis bimaculatus
A strikingly beautiful but notoriously aggressive West African riverine cichlid. Unlike the alkaline-loving Rift Lake cichlids (e.g., Mbuna), Jewel Cichlids prefer neutral, softer water parameters. They are renowned for their brilliant red breeding dress and iridescent blue spots, but also for their extreme territoriality, especially when forming pairs and spawning. They are avid diggers and will uproot most plants.
Cherry Shrimp
Neocaridina davidi
One of the most popular and hardy freshwater invertebrates in the hobby. They come in a rainbow of selectively bred colors. They are excellent scavengers and algae eaters, perfect for nano planted tanks. They are completely peaceful and have a negligible bioload, though they are highly vulnerable to predation by almost any fish with a mouth large enough to eat them.