An iconic Lake Tanganyika cichlid famous for its dramatic life-stage color change. Juveniles are jet black with brilliant white polka-dots, while adults develop a blue head and a distinctive yellow or white vertical band across a dark body. They are highly aggressive toward their own kind and must be kept in large colonies (10+) to disperse aggression. They are strict herbivores that require a specialized diet to avoid fatal digestive issues.
At a Glance
Tank Requirements
Water Parameters
Temperament & Compatibility
Available Varieties
Each variety inherits the species defaults above. Only differences are highlighted.
Standard Adult
The adult form features a blue head and a solid dark body broken by a striking yellow or white vertical band. Fiercely territorial. Requires a strict herbivore diet (spirulina/algae) to prevent fatal 'Malawi/Tropheus bloat'.
Same care requirements as the base species
Also known as: Adult Duboisi, Yellow Band, White Band
Juvenile (White Spotted)
Jet black body covered in bright white or pale blue spots. This beautiful pattern fades entirely as the fish matures (usually starting around 2-3 inches). Juveniles can be kept in slightly smaller grow-out tanks but will eventually need a 4-foot tank as they grow and aggression increases.
Differs in 5 traits from base species
Also known as: White Spotted Cichlid, Baby Duboisi, Polka Dot Cichlid, Starry Night
Duboisi Cichlid (Tropheus) Care Guide Summary
The Duboisi Cichlid (Tropheus), scientifically known as Tropheus duboisi, belongs to the Cichlids - African family group. Adults reach a maximum size of approximately 12 cm and have a compressed body shape with a slow growth rate. Classified as aggressive, this species primarily occupies the mid-level and bottom zones of the aquarium and produces a high level of biological waste.
To thrive, the Duboisi Cichlid (Tropheus) requires a freshwater only aquarium with a minimum volume of 280 litres and a tank length of at least 120 cm. Water temperature should be maintained between 24°C and 28°C, with a pH range of 8–9 and a general hardness of 10–25 dGH. A moderate water flow is preferred.
Due to its specialist needs, the Duboisi Cichlid (Tropheus) is best suited for fishkeepers who can provide a carefully planned setup. This species is available in 2 varieties: Standard Adult and Juvenile (White Spotted). Each may differ slightly in size, temperament, or care needs, so it is worth checking the specific requirements of the variety you plan to keep.
Duboisi Cichlid (Tropheus) Habitat Setup
When setting up an aquarium for the Duboisi Cichlid (Tropheus), a moderate water flow best suits their natural preferences. Because this species occupies the mid-level and bottom zones, the aquarium layout should prioritise open swimming space in the centre of the tank for free movement and sufficient floor space with hiding spots among rocks, wood, or dense planting. Useful additions include a sand substrate to accommodate their sifting behaviour, smooth gravel or rounded substrate to protect their sensitive barbels, and an established tank with natural algae growth, as they depend on it as a primary food source. Keepers should note that expect substrate disturbance, so lightweight décor should be secured and live planted layouts may be difficult to maintain, as this species tends to uproot or consume vegetation.
Duboisi Cichlid (Tropheus) Compatibility Notes
Classified as aggressive, the Duboisi Cichlid (Tropheus) is a schooling species that feels most secure in a sizeable group, where natural shoaling behaviour reduces stress and brings out their best colours. When choosing tankmates, conspecific aggression can be intense, especially in smaller tanks, territorial behaviour may cause issues if hiding spots or floor space are limited, shy or slow-feeding tankmates may be outcompeted at feeding time, and their energetic swimming style may stress more sedentary or timid species. Selecting tankmates that favour different water layers from the mid-level and bottom zones can help reduce competition and territorial overlap.
Frequently Asked Questions About Duboisi Cichlid (Tropheus)
How big does Duboisi Cichlid (Tropheus) get?+
What tank size does Duboisi Cichlid (Tropheus) need?+
What water parameters does Duboisi Cichlid (Tropheus) need?+
Is Duboisi Cichlid (Tropheus) peaceful or aggressive?+
How many Duboisi Cichlid (Tropheus) should be kept together?+
Does Duboisi Cichlid (Tropheus) have any special tank requirements?+
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