Can Buccochromis rhoadesii and Dwarf Pencilfish Live Together?

Buccochromis rhoadesii is a semi-aggressive species (8/10), while Dwarf Pencilfish is peaceful (1/10). This notable difference means Buccochromis rhoadesii may occasionally assert dominance over Dwarf Pencilfish.

Large aggression gap (7 points) between Buccochromis rhoadesii and Dwarf Pencilfish increases stress risk for the more peaceful fish.

Buccochromis rhoadesii and Dwarf Pencilfish both frequent the Middle (Open Water) region of the setup. This overlap can increase competition for space, so providing ample room and cover is important to keep both species comfortable.

There is a critical concern: the Piscivore (Eats small/nano fish) behaviour of one fish directly conflicts with the Nano / Bite-sized (Predation Risk) trait of the other — piscivorous fish will prey on nano-sized tank mates..

Additional behavioural considerations to keep in mind: Aggressive fish may bully and stress shy, slow-moving species. Hyperactive swimmers can stress shy, slow-moving species through constant motion.

Worth noting: Dwarf Pencilfish is a known jumper, so a tight-fitting lid is essential.

The safe temperature window for both species falls between 24°C and 28°C. Aim for the midpoint of this range (around 26.0°C) for optimal comfort.

The pH requirements of Buccochromis rhoadesii (7.8–8.6) and Dwarf Pencilfish (4–7) do not overlap, making it impossible to satisfy both species simultaneously.

For general hardness, the shared comfort zone is 10–10 dGH. Regular testing will ensure conditions stay within this range.

To house Buccochromis rhoadesii and Dwarf Pencilfish together, plan for an aquarium of at least 600 litres with a minimum length of 180 cm. This recommendation combines the stricter species minimums with a community-load allowance so the pairing has realistic long-term space and filtration headroom.

Providing a mix of open swimming space and sheltered areas with rocks, driftwood, or plants will keep both species comfortable and allow natural behaviour.

Specific environmental needs for this combination include: Sand (Sifters), Plants - Densely covered, Plants - Floating, Leaf Litter/Blackwater. Meeting these requirements will help both species thrive.

Both species do well with moderate (standard) water movement, so a standard filtration setup rated for the tank volume should suffice.

Buccochromis rhoadesii and Dwarf Pencilfish are the kind of pair that can look acceptable in a shop but become a maintenance problem at home. The main risk is not a single number in the chart; it is the way incompatible behavior, water needs, or pressure on space compounds over time once both fish are established in the same tank.